500 Referenced Review Questions in Toxicology Pdf Free
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Your Paper Your Way
We now differentiate betwixt the requirements for new and revised submissions. You may choose to submit your manuscript as a single Give-and-take or PDF file to exist used in the refereeing procedure. Simply when your newspaper is at the revision stage, will yous be requested to put your paper in to a 'correct format' for acceptance and provide the items required for the publication of your article.
To find out more, please visit the Training section below.
An international journal for the rapid publication of short reports on all aspects of toxicology, especially mechanisms of toxicity. Toxicology Messages also publishes mini-reviews, editorials, commentaries and contemporary problems in toxicology.
Types of newspaper
Toxicology Letters publishes brusk reports on all aspects of toxicology, particularly mechanisms of toxicity. Toxicology Letters also publishes mini-reviews, editorials, commentaries and contemporary issues in toxicology.
Mini-review papers: These papers should be approximately 12-xv, 1.v-spaced typewritten pages; should exist in English and submitted via the Internet on the Elsevier website (https://world wide web.editorialmanager.com/TOXLET/default.aspx).
Lab Resource: Cell Line The new article type "Lab Resources: Cell Line" in Toxicology Letters describes the obtention and characterization of unique jail cell lines for use as an in vitro model system for toxicology testing Prison cell lines can be immortalized cells from poisonous substance target tissues or a previously immortalized cell lines stably transfected with genes that serve as unique biomarker indicator(s), confer resistance or susceptibility to a particular toxicant. Unique cell lines can besides exist cells stably knocked downwards or genetically deleted alleles that confer a susceptibility or resistance to a particular poison. Unique prison cell lines may also exist genetically modified jail cell lines that showroom altered signal transduction and/or alterations in the mode of cell death. The overarching criteria are that the unique jail cell line volition be useful as a model for in vitro poisonous substance testing or to serve equally a tool for insight into the machinery of poison-induced cell injury.
The reference list need not be exhaustive, but should include the almost pregnant articles. The names of two potential reviewers are besides requested.
Lab Resource articles are published Open Access. The Open Admission fee for this manuscript type is $500.
Data in Brief: Authors have the selection of converting whatsoever or all parts of their supplementary or additional raw data into one or multiple Data in Cursory articles, a new kind of article that houses and describes their data. Data in Brief manufactures ensure that your data, which is normally buried in supplementary material, is actively reviewed, curated, formatted, indexed, given a DOI and publicly bachelor to all upon publication. Authors are encouraged to submit their Data in Brief commodity as an additional item directly alongside the revised version of their manuscript. If your research article is accepted, your Data in Brief article volition automatically be transferred over to Data in Brief where it will be editorially reviewed and published in the new, open up access periodical, Data in Cursory. The Open Access fee for Data in Brief is $500. Authors who submit in 2015 volition receive a reduced fee of $250.
Please use the following template to write your Data in Cursory.
Contact details for submission
Manuscripts should exist typewritten, 1.five-spaced and should be in English. References should be single spaced. In full general, manuscripts should not exist longer than 10 printed pages (approx. xv, one.5-spaced typewritten pages) including the space needed for illustrations.
Manuscripts must exist submitted for review via the Elsevier website (https://www.editorialmanager.com/TOXLET/default.aspx). Submissions that are emailed, or mailed, to the editors volition non exist considered. Questions about submissions may be directed to the appropriate editor. mally@toxi.uni-wuerzburg.de
Submission checklist
You can utilise this listing to carry out a final check of your submission before you transport it to the journal for review. Please check the relevant section in this Guide for Authors for more details.
Ensure that the following items are present:
Ane writer has been designated as the corresponding writer with contact details:
• E-mail address
• Full postal address
All necessary files take been uploaded:
Manuscript:
• Include keywords
• All figures (include relevant captions)
• All tables (including titles, description, footnotes)
• Ensure all effigy and tabular array citations in the text lucifer the files provided
• Bespeak clearly if color should be used for any figures in print
Graphical Abstracts / Highlights files (where applicative)
Supplemental files (where applicable)
Further considerations
• Manuscript has been 'spell checked' and 'grammar checked'
• All references mentioned in the Reference List are cited in the text, and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Internet)
• A competing interests statement is provided, fifty-fifty if the authors have no competing interests to declare
• Journal policies detailed in this guide have been reviewed
• Referee suggestions and contact details provided, based on journal requirements
For further information, visit our Support Heart.
General guidelines
The journal focuses on the rapid publication of novel results and prefers brusque manuscripts on all aspects of toxicology although longer manuscripts will be considered. Preference is given to studies that are relevant to mechanistic toxicology and hypothesis-driven. The rationale should be sound, and the experimental design should exist well-conceived. Completeness ordinarily requires that dose-response relationships are examined. Manuscripts that primarily describe new methods, either experimental or theoretical, should provide examples of their employ. When studies involve the apply of experimental animals, manuscripts should briefly draw the procedures employed for animate being care and treatment. Experiments that require the use of animals or humans must be conducted in accord with International Guidelines.
Non-hypothesis-driven studies (due east.g. safety evaluation of new chemicals or drugs) may exist published if the work is considered consummate and the conclusions are unequivocal. Studies that fail to elicit a toxic response (negative studies) might exist acceptable if competently performed.
A manuscript may exist declined for reasons of ethical considerations, incompleteness, bereft quality, prior publication of portions of the piece of work, inadequate experimental design or methods, inadequate description of experiments, of insufficient support for conclusions, or subject matter not consistent with the mission of the journal.
Manuscripts are accepted for review with the understanding that the same work has not been published, that information technology is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and that its submission for publication has been approved by all of the authors and by the institution where the work was carried out. Farther, it is understood that any person cited equally a source of personal communications has approved such commendation.
Authors submitting a manuscript practice so on the understanding that if it is accepted for publication, copyright in the commodity, including the correct to reproduce the commodity in all forms and media, shall be assigned exclusively to Elsevier, unless legally prohibited (east.m. U.South. Federal authorities employees).
Duties of Authors
Reporting standards. Authors of reports of original research should nowadays an accurate account of the piece of work performed equally well equally an objective give-and-take of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. A newspaper should comprise sufficient item and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable.
Review and professional person publication articles should too be accurate and objective, and editorial opinion works should exist conspicuously identified as such.
Data Admission and Memory. Authors may be asked to provide the raw data in connection with a paper for editorial review, and should be prepared to provide public access to such data (consistent with the ALPSP-STM Statement on Information and Databases), if practicable, and should in any event be prepared to retain such information for a reasonable time later publication.
Originality and Plagiarism. The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others, that this has been appropriately cited or quoted.
Plagiarism takes many forms, from passing off another's paper equally the author'southward own paper, to copying or paraphrasing substantial parts of another's paper (without attribution), to claiming results from research conducted by others. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.
Policy and ideals
Duties of Authors
Multiple, Redundant or Concurrent Publication. An writer should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same enquiry in more than one journal or master publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than than one journal meantime constitutes unethical publishing behaviour and is unacceptable.
In general, an author should non submit for consideration in another journal a previously published paper. Publication of some kinds of articles (eg, clinical guidelines, translations) in more ane journal is sometimes justifiable, provided certain conditions are met. The authors and editors of the journals concerned must agree to the secondary publication, which must reflect the same data and interpretation of the primary certificate. The master reference must be cited in the secondary publication. Further particular on acceptable forms of secondary publication tin can be found at http://world wide web.icmje.org.
Acknowledgement of Sources. Proper acknowledgment of the piece of work of others must e'er be given. Authors should cite publications that take been influential in determining the nature of the reported work. Data obtained privately, equally in conversation, correspondence, or word with tertiary parties, must non be used or reported without explicit, written permission from the source. Data obtained in the course of confidential services, such every bit refereeing manuscripts or grant applications, must non exist used without the explicit written permission of the author of the piece of work involved in these services.
Authorship of the Paper. Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, blueprint, execution, or estimation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should exist listed as co-authors. Where there are others who accept participated in sure substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors.
The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included on the paper, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.
Hazards and Human or Animal Subjects. If the work involves chemicals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use, the author must clearly identify these in the manuscript. If the work involves the utilize of brute or human subjects, the writer should ensure that the manuscript contains a statement that all procedures were performed in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and that the advisable institutional committee(s) have approved them. Authors should include a statement in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human being subjects. The privacy rights of human subjects must always be observed.
If the work involves the use of human subjects, the writer should ensure that the work described has been carried out in accordance with The Code of Ideals of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments involving humans; Uniform Requirements for manuscripts submitted to Biomedical journals. Authors should include a argument in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with man subjects. The privacy rights of human being subjects must always exist observed.
All animal experiments should comply with the ARRIVE guidelines and should be carried out in accordance with the U.Chiliad. Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986 and associated guidelines, Eu Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments, or the National Institutes of Health guide for the care and apply of Laboratory animals (NIH Publications No. 8023, revised 1978) and the authors should clearly indicate in the manuscript that such guidelines have been followed. The sex of animals must be indicated, and where appropriate, the influence (or association) of sexual activity on the results of the report.
Proclamation of competing involvement
All authors must disclose whatsoever financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, stock buying, honoraria, paid skilful testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Authors should complete the annunciation of competing interest argument using this template and upload to the submission system at the Attach/Upload Files step. Note: Please practise not convert the .docx template to another file type. Author signatures are non required. If there are no interests to declare, please choose the beginning option in the template. More information.
Submission declaration and verification
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract, a published lecture or academic thesis, run across 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication' for more information), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved past all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it volition non exist published elsewhere in the same grade, in English or in whatever other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify originality, your article may be checked by the originality detection service Crossref Similarity Cheque.
Preprints
Delight note that preprints can be shared anywhere at any time, in line with Elsevier's sharing policy. Sharing your preprints east.k. on a preprint server will non count as prior publication (see 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication' for more information).
Utilise of inclusive language
Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Content should brand no assumptions about the behavior or commitments of whatever reader; incorporate nix which might imply that ane individual is superior to another on the grounds of age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health status; and utilize inclusive language throughout. Authors should ensure that writing is complimentary from bias, stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions. Nosotros propose to seek gender neutrality by using plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as default/wherever possible to avert using "he, she," or "he/she." We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors that refer to personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health status unless they are relevant and valid. When coding terminology is used, nosotros recommend to avoid offensive or exclusionary terms such every bit "master", "slave", "blacklist" and "whitelist". Nosotros suggest using alternatives that are more appropriate and (self-) explanatory such as "primary", "secondary", "blocklist" and "allowlist". These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help identify appropriate language but are past no means exhaustive or definitive.
Changes to authorship
Authors are expected to consider advisedly the list and lodge of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Whatever addition, deletion or rearrangement of writer names in the authorship list should exist fabricated but before the manuscript has been accepted and simply if canonical by the journal Editor. To asking such a alter, the Editor must receive the post-obit from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter of the alphabet) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the instance of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author beingness added or removed.
Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the improver, deletion or rearrangement of authors afterwards the manuscript has been accustomed. While the Editor considers the request, publication of the manuscript will exist suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue, any requests canonical by the Editor will issue in a corrigendum.
Article transfer service
This journal is part of our Article Transfer Service. This means that if the Editor feels your article is more suitable in 1 of our other participating journals, then you may be asked to consider transferring the article to one of those. If yous hold, your article will be transferred automatically on your behalf with no demand to reformat. Please note that your article volition be reviewed again by the new journal. More information.
Copyright
Upon credence of an commodity, authors volition exist asked to consummate a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (see more information on this). An e-mail will exist sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this understanding.
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the writer(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases.
For gold open up admission articles: Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'License Agreement' (more information). Permitted third political party reuse of gilded open up access articles is determined by the author's option of user license.
Author rights
Equally an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your piece of work. More than information.
Elsevier supports responsible sharing
Find out how you tin can share your research published in Elsevier journals.
Part of the funding source
You lot are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the enquiry and/or preparation of the article and to briefly draw the role of the sponsor(southward), if any, in report design; in the drove, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the commodity for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement, information technology is recommended to state this.
Elsevier Researcher University
Researcher Academy is a gratuitous e-learning platform designed to back up early and mid-career researchers throughout their research journey. The "Acquire" environment at Researcher University offers several interactive modules, webinars, downloadable guides and resources to guide you through the process of writing for research and going through peer review. Feel free to use these gratuitous resources to improve your submission and navigate the publication process with ease.
Language (usage and editing services)
Delight write your text in practiced English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Authors who feel their English language language manuscript may require editing to eliminate possible grammatical or spelling errors and to adapt to correct scientific English language may wish to apply the English Language Editing service available from Elsevier'south Author Services.
Submission
Our online submission organization guides you stepwise through the procedure of entering your commodity details and uploading your files. The system converts your commodity files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process. Editable files (e.grand., Word, LaTeX) are required to typeset your commodity for last publication. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's conclusion and requests for revision, is sent by email.
Queries
For questions about the editorial procedure (including the status of manuscripts under review) or for technical support on submissions, please visit our Support Center.
NEW SUBMISSIONS
Submission to this journal proceeds totally online and you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of your files. The system automatically converts your files to a unmarried PDF file, which is used in the peer-review process.
As part of the Your Paper Your Style service, you may choose to submit your manuscript as a unmarried file to be used in the refereeing process. This tin exist a PDF file or a Word certificate, in whatever format or lay-out that tin exist used by referees to evaluate your manuscript. It should contain high enough quality figures for refereeing. If you adopt to practice and then, you may still provide all or some of the source files at the initial submission. Please note that private figure files larger than x MB must be uploaded separately.
References
At that place are no strict requirements on reference formatting at submission. References can be in whatever style or format as long as the manner is consistent. Where applicable, author(southward) proper name(south), journal title/book championship, chapter title/article championship, twelvemonth of publication, volume number/book chapter and the article number or pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. The reference fashion used past the journal volition be applied to the accepted article by Elsevier at the proof stage. Note that missing data volition be highlighted at proof phase for the writer to right.
Formatting requirements
At that place are no strict formatting requirements only all manuscripts must contain the essential elements needed to convey your manuscript, for example Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Conclusions, Artwork and Tables with Captions.
If your article includes any Videos and/or other Supplementary material, this should be included in your initial submission for peer review purposes.
Divide the commodity into clearly divers sections.
Please ensure the text of your paper is double-spaced and has consecutive line numbering– this is an essential peer review requirement.
Figures and tables embedded in text
Please ensure the figures and the tables included in the single file are placed next to the relevant text in the manuscript, rather than at the bottom or the elevation of the file. The corresponding caption should be placed straight beneath the figure or table.
Peer review
This journal operates a single anonymized review procedure. All contributions will be initially assessed by the editor for suitability for the journal. Papers deemed suitable are then typically sent to a minimum of 2 contained expert reviewers to appraise the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor is responsible for the final determination regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor's decision is concluding. Editors are not involved in decisions about papers which they have written themselves or have been written by family members or colleagues or which relate to products or services in which the editor has an interest. Any such submission is subject field to all of the periodical'south usual procedures, with peer review handled independently of the relevant editor and their enquiry groups. More information on types of peer review.
REVISED SUBMISSIONS
Utilize of word processing software
Regardless of the file format of the original submission, at revision you must provide united states with an editable file of the entire article. Keep the layout of the text as uncomplicated as possible. Near formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the commodity. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (run across likewise the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier). Encounter too the section on Electronic artwork.
To avert unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammer-cheque' functions of your give-and-take processor.
Article construction
Manuscripts should be typewritten, 2.0-spaced. In general, manuscripts should not exist longer than ten printed pages (approx. 15, 2.0-spaced pages).
Subdivision - numbered sections
Divide your commodity into clearly divers and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.one (then 1.1.i, 1.1.ii, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not simply refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may exist given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Introduction
Land the objectives of the work and provide an adequate groundwork, fugitive a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Cloth and methods
Provide sufficient details to permit the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Methods that are already published should be summarized, and indicated by a reference. If quoting directly from a previously published method, utilise quotation marks and besides cite the source. Any modifications to existing methods should also be described.
Theory/calculation
A Theory department should extend, not repeat, the background to the commodity already dealt with in the Introduction and lay the foundation for further work. In contrast, a Calculation section represents a practical development from a theoretical ground.
Results
Results should exist clear and concise.
Discussion
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion department is often appropriate. Avoid all-encompassing citations and discussion of published literature.
Conclusions
The chief conclusions of the report may be presented in a curt Conclusions department, which may stand up alone or form a subsection of a Give-and-take or Results and Word department.
Appendices
If in that location is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should exist given split numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.i; Fig. A.ane, etc.
Essential title folio information
• Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in data-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
• Writer names and affiliations. Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled. You tin can add your name between parentheses in your own script behind the English transliteration. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the bodily work was washed) below the names. Betoken all affiliations with a lower-case superscript alphabetic character immediately after the author's name and in front of the advisable address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the email address of each author.
• Corresponding writer. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. This responsibleness includes answering whatsoever future queries about Methodology and Materials. Ensure that the e-mail accost is given and that contact details are kept upwards to date by the respective author.
• Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may exist indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must exist retained equally the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Highlights
Highlights are optional however highly encouraged for this journal, as they increase the discoverability of your article via search engines. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that capture the novel results of your enquiry every bit well as new methods that were used during the study (if whatsoever). Please take a wait at the examples here: example Highlights.
Highlights should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission arrangement. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to v bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet signal).
Abstract
A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the inquiry, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, so cite the author(southward) and year(south). Also, not-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself. The Abstract should contain approx. 150 - 200 Words.
Graphical abstract
Although a graphical abstruse is optional, its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a curtailed, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a dissever file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The paradigm should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. You can view Example Graphical Abstracts on our information site.
Authors can make use of Elsevier'southward Analogy Services to ensure the best presentation of their images and in accordance with all technical requirements.
Keywords
Immediately after the abstruse, provide a minimum of 3, maximum of vi keywords, using American spelling and fugitive full general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for case, "and", "of"). Exist sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Abbreviations
Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to exist placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstruse must be defined at their first mention there, likewise as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.
Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the terminate of the article earlier the references and do non, therefore, include them on the title page, every bit a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.m., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
Formatting of funding sources
List funding sources in this standard manner to facilitate compliance to funder's requirements:
Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Wellness [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Pecker & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number zzzz]; and the United States Institutes of Peace [grant number aaaa].
It is not necessary to include detailed descriptions on the plan or type of grants and awards. When funding is from a cake grant or other resources available to a academy, higher, or other research institution, submit the name of the institute or organization that provided the funding.
If no funding has been provided for the research, it is recommended to include the following sentence:
This research did not receive whatsoever specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-for-profit sectors.
Footnotes
Footnotes should exist used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article. Many word processors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this non be the instance, signal the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the commodity.
Artwork
Electronic artwork
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Preferred fonts: Arial (or Helvetica), Times New Roman (or Times), Symbol, Courier.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• Bespeak per figure if it is a single, i.5 or 2-cavalcade fitting image.
• For Word submissions only, you may nonetheless provide figures and their captions, and tables inside a single file at the revision stage.
• Delight note that individual figure files larger than 10 MB must be provided in split source files.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available.
Yous are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given hither.
Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please 'save equally' or convert the images to ane of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as 'graphics'.
TIFF (or JPG): Colour or grayscale photographs (halftones): always utilise a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF (or JPG): Bitmapped line drawings: utilize a minimum of yard dpi.
TIFF (or JPG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
Please practice not:
• Supply files that are optimized for screen use (eastward.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is as well low.
• Supply files that are too depression in resolution.
• Submit graphics that are unduly large for the content.
Colour artwork
Please make certain that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF (or JPEG), EPS (or PDF) or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color online (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) in addition to colour reproduction in print. Farther information on the grooming of electronic artwork.
Figure captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum simply explicate all symbols and abbreviations used.
Text graphics
Text graphics may be embedded in the text at the appropriate position. Run across further nether Electronic artwork.
Tables
Tables should be numbered with Arabic numbers and acquit a short descriptive title. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the tabular array torso and point them with superscript lowercase letters. Avert vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do non duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
References
Citation in text
Delight ensure that every reference cited in the text is also nowadays in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must exist given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a exchange of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
Reference links
Increased discoverability of research and loftier quality peer review are ensured by online links to the sources cited. In order to allow usa to create links to abstracting and indexing services, such as Scopus, CrossRef and PubMed, please ensure that data provided in the references are correct. Please note that wrong surnames, journal/book titles, publication year and pagination may foreclose link creation. When copying references, please be conscientious as they may already contain errors. Use of the DOI is highly encouraged.
A DOI is guaranteed never to change, so you tin apply it equally a permanent link to any electronic commodity. An example of a citation using DOI for an article not even so in an issue is: VanDecar J.C., Russo R.M., James D.E., Ambeh W.B., Franke M. (2003). Aseismic continuation of the Bottom Antilles slab below northeastern Venezuela. Periodical of Geophysical Enquiry, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000884. Please annotation the format of such citations should be in the same fashion every bit all other references in the paper.
Web references
As a minimum, the total URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Whatever further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should as well be given. Web references tin be listed separately (e.g., after the reference listing) nether a different heading if desired, or tin exist included in the reference list.
Data references
This journal encourages you to cite underlying or relevant datasets in your manuscript by citing them in your text and including a information reference in your Reference List. Data references should include the post-obit elements: author name(s), dataset title, data repository, version (where available), yr, and global persistent identifier. Add together [dataset] immediately earlier the reference and then nosotros tin properly identify information technology as a data reference. The [dataset] identifier will non appear in your published article.
References in a special upshot
Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added to any references in the list (and whatsoever citations in the text) to other articles in the aforementioned Special Issue.
Reference management software
Most Elsevier journals have their reference template available in many of the near popular reference management software products. These include all products that support Citation Way Language styles, such every bit Mendeley. Using citation plug-ins from these products, authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their commodity, afterward which citations and bibliographies will exist automatically formatted in the periodical'due south style. If no template is yet bachelor for this journal, delight follow the format of the sample references and citations as shown in this Guide. If you lot utilise reference management software, please ensure that you lot remove all field codes before submitting the electronic manuscript. More data on how to remove field codes from different reference management software.
Reference formatting
There are no strict requirements on reference formatting at submission. References can be in whatsoever style or format equally long every bit the fashion is consistent. Where applicable, author(s) proper noun(s), periodical title/book championship, chapter championship/article title, year of publication, volume number/book affiliate and the commodity number or pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. The reference style used by the periodical will be applied to the accepted article by Elsevier at the proof stage. Note that missing data volition be highlighted at proof phase for the author to correct. If you do wish to format the references yourself they should be arranged according to the post-obit examples:
Reference manner
Text: All citations in the text should refer to:
ane. Single author: the author's proper noun (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication;
2. Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication;
iii. Three or more authors: first writer's proper name followed by 'et al.' and the year of publication.
Citations may exist made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references can exist listed either first alphabetically, then chronologically, or vice versa.
Examples: 'as demonstrated (Allan, 2000a, 2000b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1999)…. Or, as demonstrated (Jones, 1999; Allan, 2000)… Kramer et al. (2010) take recently shown …'
List: References should be bundled starting time alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than than one reference from the same author(s) in the same yr must exist identified by the letters 'a', 'b', 'c', etc., placed later the twelvemonth of publication.
Examples:
Reference to a periodical publication:
Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2010. The art of writing a scientific commodity. J. Sci. Commun. 163, 51–59. https://doi.org/x.1016/j.Sc.2010.00372.
Reference to a journal publication with an article number:
Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2018. The art of writing a scientific article. Heliyon. 19, e00205. https://doi.org/ten.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00205.
Reference to a book:
Strunk Jr., W., White, E.B., 2000. The Elements of Style, 4th ed. Longman, New York.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
Mettam, G.R., Adams, Fifty.B., 2009. How to set an electronic version of your article, in: Jones, B.S., Smith , R.Z. (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age. E-Publishing Inc., New York, pp. 281–304.
Reference to a website:
Cancer Inquiry UK, 1975. Cancer statistics reports for the United kingdom. http://world wide web.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/ (accessed 13 March 2003).
Reference to a dataset:
[dataset] Oguro, M., Imahiro, Due south., Saito, S., Nakashizuka, T., 2015. Mortality data for Japanese oak wilt disease and surrounding forest compositions. Mendeley Information, v1. https://doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1.
Reference to software:
Coon, East., Berndt, M., Jan, A., Svyatsky, D., Atchley, A., Kikinzon, E., Harp, D., Manzini, Yard., Shelef, Eastward., Lipnikov, K., Garimella, R., Xu, C., Moulton, D., Karra, Southward., Painter, S., Jafarov, E., & Molins, Southward., 2020. Advanced Terrestrial Simulator (ATS) v0.88 (Version 0.88). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3727209.
Video
Elsevier accepts video material and animation sequences to back up and enhance your scientific research. Authors who have video or animation files that they wish to submit with their article are strongly encouraged to include links to these within the body of the article. This can exist done in the same way as a figure or table past referring to the video or blitheness content and noting in the torso text where information technology should be placed. All submitted files should exist properly labeled and then that they directly relate to the video file's content. In order to ensure that your video or animation cloth is directly usable, please provide the file in ane of our recommended file formats with a preferred maximum size of 150 MB per file, 1 GB in total. Video and animation files supplied will be published online in the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect. Please supply 'stills' with your files: you can choose whatever frame from the video or animation or make a separate epitome. These will exist used instead of standard icons and volition personalize the link to your video data. For more detailed instructions please visit our video education pages. Note: since video and animation cannot be embedded in the print version of the journal, please provide text for both the electronic and the print version for the portions of the article that refer to this content.
Data visualization
Include interactive data visualizations in your publication and let your readers collaborate and engage more than closely with your inquiry. Follow the instructions here to discover out near available information visualization options and how to include them with your article.
Supplementary material
Supplementary material such equally applications, images and sound clips, tin can exist published with your article to heighten information technology. Submitted supplementary items are published exactly as they are received (Excel or PowerPoint files will appear as such online). Delight submit your textile together with the commodity and supply a concise, descriptive explanation for each supplementary file. If you wish to make changes to supplementary material during whatsoever phase of the process, please make sure to provide an updated file. Do not annotate any corrections on a previous version. Please switch off the 'Track Changes' option in Microsoft Part files every bit these will appear in the published version.
Research data
This periodical encourages and enables y'all to share data that supports your research publication where advisable, and enables you to interlink the information with your published articles. Inquiry data refers to the results of observations or experimentation that validate enquiry findings. To facilitate reproducibility and data reuse, this periodical also encourages yous to share your software, code, models, algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project.
Below are a number of means in which you can associate information with your article or make a statement about the availability of your data when submitting your manuscript. If you are sharing data in ane of these means, you are encouraged to cite the information in your manuscript and reference listing. Please refer to the "References" section for more information most data citation. For more information on depositing, sharing and using inquiry information and other relevant research materials, visit the enquiry data folio.
Data linking
If you have fabricated your research data available in a data repository, you can link your article directly to the dataset. Elsevier collaborates with a number of repositories to link manufactures on ScienceDirect with relevant repositories, giving readers access to underlying data that gives them a amend understanding of the inquiry described.
There are dissimilar ways to link your datasets to your commodity. When available, y'all can directly link your dataset to your commodity by providing the relevant information in the submission organisation. For more information, visit the database linking page.
For supported data repositories a repository banner will automatically appear next to your published article on ScienceDirect.
In addition, you lot can link to relevant information or entities through identifiers within the text of your manuscript, using the following format: Database: xxxx (due east.g., TAIR: AT1G01020; CCDC: 734053; PDB: 1XFN).
Mendeley Information
This journal supports Mendeley Information, enabling yous to deposit whatsoever research information (including raw and processed data, video, code, software, algorithms, protocols, and methods) associated with your manuscript in a complimentary-to-use, open admission repository. During the submission process, after uploading your manuscript, you will take the opportunity to upload your relevant datasets directly to Mendeley Information. The datasets will be listed and directly accessible to readers side by side to your published commodity online.
For more data, visit the Mendeley Data for journals page.
Data in Brief
You lot accept the selection of converting any or all parts of your supplementary or additional raw data into a information article published in Data in Brief. A information article is a new kind of article that ensures that your data are actively reviewed, curated, formatted, indexed, given a DOI and fabricated publicly bachelor to all upon publication (watch this video describing the benefits of publishing your data in Information in Cursory). Yous are encouraged to submit your information commodity for Data in Cursory as an additional particular straight alongside the revised version of your manuscript. If your research article is accepted, your data commodity will automatically be transferred over to Data in Brief where information technology will be editorially reviewed, published open admission and linked to your research article on ScienceDirect. Please note an open up admission fee is payable for publication in Information in Brief. Full details can exist found on the Data in Brief website. Please use this template to write your Data in Cursory data article.
MethodsX
You lot accept the pick of converting relevant protocols and methods into one or multiple MethodsX articles, a new kind of article that describes the details of customized research methods. Many researchers spend a significant corporeality of time on developing methods to fit their specific needs or setting, merely often without getting credit for this function of their work. MethodsX, an open access journal, now publishes this information in club to brand information technology searchable, peer reviewed, citable and reproducible. Authors are encouraged to submit their MethodsX article as an boosted item directly alongside the revised version of their manuscript. If your research article is accepted, your methods article will automatically exist transferred over to MethodsX where it will be editorially reviewed. Please note an open access fee is payable for publication in MethodsX. Total details can be found on the MethodsX website. Delight use the methods template or protocol template to prepare your MethodsX article.
Information statement
To foster transparency, nosotros encourage you lot to state the availability of your data in your submission. This may be a requirement of your funding torso or institution. If your data is unavailable to access or unsuitable to post, yous will accept the opportunity to indicate why during the submission process, for case by stating that the inquiry data is confidential. The statement will appear with your published article on ScienceDirect. For more than information, visit the Data Argument page.
Online proof correction
To ensure a fast publication process of the article, we kindly inquire authors to provide us with their proof corrections within two days. Corresponding authors will receive an email with a link to our online proofing system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. The environs is similar to MS Word: in addition to editing text, yous tin besides comment on figures/tables and answer questions from the Copy Editor. Web-based proofing provides a faster and less mistake-prone process by allowing you to direct type your corrections, eliminating the potential introduction of errors.
If preferred, y'all can still cull to comment and upload your edits on the PDF version. All instructions for proofing will be given in the email we send to authors, including alternative methods to the online version and PDF.
We will practice everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Please utilise this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, abyss and definiteness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication volition simply be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of whatsoever subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibleness.
Offprints
The respective writer will, at no cost, receive a customized Share Link providing l days free access to the terminal published version of the article on ScienceDirect. The Share Link can exist used for sharing the commodity via any communication aqueduct, including email and social media. For an extra accuse, paper offprints can be ordered via the offprint social club grade which is sent in one case the commodity is accepted for publication. Both corresponding and co-authors may guild offprints at any fourth dimension via Elsevier'due south Author Services. Corresponding authors who have published their commodity golden open access do not receive a Share Link equally their final published version of the article is available open access on ScienceDirect and tin can be shared through the article DOI link.
Source: https://www.elsevier.com/journals/toxicology-letters/0378-4274/guide-for-authors
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